When it comes to expressing the idea of 'difficult' in Japanese, there are several ways to do so. Depending on the context and nuance you want to convey, you can choose the most appropriate expression. Let's dive into the primary expressions we can use!
Basic Expressions for 'Difficult'
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むずかしい (muzukashii): This is the most common way to say 'difficult'.
Example: この問題はむずかしいです。(This problem is difficult.) -
難しい (むずかしい, muzukashii): This is the kanji representation of むずかしい, so you might see it written that way in more formal texts.
Expressions Combining with Verbs for 'Difficult'
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にくい (nikui): This suffix attaches to the masu-form of a verb, expressing "difficult to [verb]".
Example: この本は読みにくいです。(This book is difficult to read.) -
がたい (gatai): This attaches to the stem form of a verb, indicating that something is "difficult to [verb], almost impossible to do".
Example: 信じがたい話です。(That’s a story that’s hard to believe.) -
づらい (zurai): Added to the masu-form of a verb, it shows that it's personally hard to do.
Example: この靴は履きづらいです。(These shoes are difficult to wear.)
Usage of 'Difficult' Expressions by Context
- にくい is generally used for standard difficulties in tasks or activities.
- がたい is used in situations that are mentally or psychologically very challenging.
- づらい indicates difficulties based on personal factors or physical challenges.
Practicing these varied expressions for 'difficult' in relevant situations can help you sound more natural and precise in Japanese. Understanding the subtle differences between each expression and using them appropriately is key to mastering the language!