For foreign nationals who wish to live in Japan with their Japanese spouse, obtaining a Spouse Visa is a crucial step. This visa allows the holder to reside in Japan legally and work without restrictions. However, the application process requires extensive documentation and a clear demonstration of the authenticity of the marital relationship.
In this article, we’ll walk you through all the essential aspects of applying for a Spouse Visa in Japan — from eligibility requirements to the step-by-step process, required documents, and important considerations.
What is a Spouse Visa?
A Spouse Visa is a residency status granted to foreign nationals legally married to Japanese citizens. It allows the visa holder to reside in Japan and work in any field without needing additional work permits. This visa category is also one of the most direct pathways to obtaining permanent residency in Japan.
Basic Eligibility Requirements
To apply for a Spouse Visa, the following key conditions must be met:
1. Legal Marriage
You must be legally married under the laws of your respective countries. In Japan, this means:
- If the marriage was registered in Japan, you must file a marriage registration (婚姻届, konin todoke) at your local municipal office.
- If the marriage was registered outside Japan, the Japanese spouse must report the marriage to the municipal office, and the marriage must be recorded in their Koseki (family registry).
2. Genuine Marital Relationship
The Japanese immigration authorities carefully assess the authenticity of the marriage to prevent visa fraud. You may be required to submit evidence such as:
- Photos together
- Communication records (messages, call logs)
- Travel records
- A written explanation of how your relationship developed
These documents should clearly show that the relationship is ongoing and based on mutual intention to live as a married couple.
3. Financial Stability
The couple must demonstrate sufficient income to support their life in Japan. Either the Japanese spouse or the foreign applicant must show proof of financial capability. Required documents often include:
- Tax certificates (所得証明書)
- Income statements
- Employment certificates
If the financial situation is uncertain, the application may be rejected.
Marriage Procedure in Japan
A. Marriage Registered in Japan
- Obtain Certificate of No Impediment
The foreign national must acquire a certificate from their country’s embassy or consulate in Japan, confirming they are legally eligible to marry. - Register the Marriage
Submit a marriage registration form (婚姻届) to the municipal office, along with signatures of two witnesses. Once accepted, you’ll receive a Marriage Acceptance Certificate (婚姻届受理証明書) or other relevant documentation. - Obtain Family Registry (Koseki Tohon)
After the marriage is recorded, the Japanese spouse can obtain a copy of their Koseki showing the registered marriage.
B. Marriage Registered Outside Japan
Even if the marriage is completed abroad, it must be officially reported and entered into the Japanese family registry. Without this, you won’t be eligible to apply for the Spouse Visa.
Required Documents
Here’s a comprehensive list of documents typically required for a Spouse Visa application:
- Marriage certificate (from both countries if applicable)
- Family registry copy (戸籍謄本 / Koseki Tohon)
- Valid passport of the foreign spouse
- Completed visa application form (with a photo taken within the last 6 months)
- Written relationship history (how the couple met and developed their relationship)
- Evidence of relationship (photos, messages, call records, etc.)
- Financial documents (income certificate, tax payment certificate)
- Letter of guarantee (from the Japanese spouse or sponsor)
- Letter of invitation
- Resident certificate of the guarantor (住民票 / Juminhyo)
- Criminal background check (required in some cases)
Note: Requirements can vary by country, so always consult your local Japanese embassy or consulate.
Visa Application Process
1. Apply for the Certificate of Eligibility (COE)
The Japanese spouse must submit a COE application to the local Immigration Bureau in Japan. This process usually takes 1 to 3 months.
2. Apply for the Visa Overseas
Once the COE is issued, the foreign spouse must bring it along with the required documents to their local Japanese embassy or consulate to apply for the visa.
3. Enter Japan and Receive Residence Card
Once the visa is granted, the foreign spouse must enter Japan within 3 months. Upon arrival at the airport, they will receive a Residence Card.
4. Already in Japan? Apply for a Change of Status
If the foreign spouse is already in Japan on a different visa (e.g., student, work), they can apply for a Change of Status of Residence at the Immigration Bureau.
Important Points and Timeline
- Processing Time: Typically 2–4 months
- Scrutiny is strict. Applications may be delayed or denied in cases of:
- Large age gaps
- Short relationship duration
- Lack of in-person meetings
- Inadequate financial support
- Any suspicion of a fake or marriage of convenience will require additional documentation.
Visa Validity and Path to Permanent Residency
- Spouse Visas are typically granted for 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, or 5 years.
- Holders can work in Japan without any restrictions.
- After holding a Spouse Visa for 3 years and living in Japan for at least 1 year, the foreign spouse becomes eligible to apply for permanent residency.
Conclusion
Applying for a Spouse Visa in Japan is a detailed process that demands thorough preparation. It is not only about proving legal marriage, but also about presenting a relationship built on trust, commitment, and genuine intent to live together in Japan.
If you’re planning to start this process, prepare carefully, document your relationship honestly, and consult both immigration professionals and embassy staff when necessary. With proper preparation, the process can be a meaningful step toward building your life together in Japan.